# BPC-157 References: The Cited Studies and FDA Sources | BPC-157

> BPC-157 references: the peer-reviewed studies, reviews, and human pilots cited across this site, plus the FDA sources for the 503A status — with PubMed links, DOIs, and PMIDs.

Every BPC-157 study and FDA source cited across this digest, listed with PubMed links, DOIs, and PMIDs so each claim can be traced back to its origin.

## How to Read This List

These are the BPC-157 references behind every cited claim on this site. Entries 1-15 are the peer-reviewed peptide literature — the foundational tendon, gastric, pharmacokinetic, and mechanistic studies, the multi-tissue reviews, and the three small human pilots. Entries 16-19 are the FDA sources for the regulatory facts on the [BPC-157 legal status](/legal-status) page. Each entry carries a PubMed or FDA URL, and a DOI or PMID where available, so any reader can verify the source directly. The full register is below; the [references and citations](/references) are also reachable from every page footer.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:627533. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34267654/
[6] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/
[7] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[8] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[9] Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005999/
[10] Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675421/
[11] Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599743/
[12] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
[13] Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[14] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Effect Following Intoxications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/
[15] Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant. Inflammopharmacology. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40759852/
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. (BPC-157 (free base) / BPC-157 acetate placed in 503A Category 2; list entry effective September 29, 2023.) Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[17] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. (Category 1 / Category 2 definitions; 503A/503B framework; January 7, 2025 revised interim policy.) Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[18] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List — a scheduled discussion, not a decision.) Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[19] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance landing page; finalized January 2025). Verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/interim-policy-compounding-using-bulk-drug-substances-under-section-503a-federal-food-drug-and

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A color-blocked reading board for the BPC-157 record — each tissue, the VEGFR2 mechanism, the three human pilots, and the FDA 503A status set in its own plum-and-pop panel and cited to source, with no clinic behind the board and nothing here dispensed or sold.