ON THE RECORD / CITATION REGISTER
BPC-157 References and Sources
Every BPC-157 study and FDA source cited across this digest, listed with PubMed links, DOIs, and PMIDs so each claim can be traced back to its origin.
How to Read This List
These are the BPC-157 references behind every cited claim on this site. Entries 1-15 are the peer-reviewed peptide literature — the foundational tendon, gastric, pharmacokinetic, and mechanistic studies, the multi-tissue reviews, and the three small human pilots. Entries 16-19 are the FDA sources for the regulatory facts on the BPC-157 legal status page. Each entry carries a PubMed or FDA URL, and a DOI or PMID where available, so any reader can verify the source directly. The full register is below; the references and citations are also reachable from every page footer.
- Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
- He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. ↗
- Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. ↗
- Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. ↗
- Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:627533. ↗
- Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. ↗
- Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. ↗
- McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. ↗
- Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. ↗
- Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461. ↗
- Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. ↗
- Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. ↗
- Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. ↗
- Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Effect Following Intoxications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. ↗
- Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant. Inflammopharmacology. 2025. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. (BPC-157 (free base) / BPC-157 acetate placed in 503A Category 2; list entry effective September 29, 2023.) Verified 2026-05-29. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. (Category 1 / Category 2 definitions; 503A/503B framework; January 7, 2025 revised interim policy.) Verified 2026-05-29. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List — a scheduled discussion, not a decision.) Verified 2026-05-29. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance landing page; finalized January 2025). Verified 2026-05-29. ↗